2 cases from Poland
Convicted: Maria Mandl
She held orphaned children from Soviet transports in her arms, sang to them, gave them cookies and chocolate. Then, after a few days, she personally escorted some of them to the gas chambers. This was Maria Mandl: Lagerführerin of Auschwitz II-Birkenau's women's camp, the highest-ranking woman in the entire Nazi concentration camp system, and the figure prisoners knew only as 'The Beast.' Death lists bearing her signature implicate her in approximately 500,000 murders. She organized a prisoner orchestra that played during selections and executions. She rode a bicycle along prisoner lines and struck faces as she passed. And yet, on the morning of her hanging in January 1948, she knelt on a prison floor before a woman she had once held power over, wept, and begged for forgiveness. Her last words were spoken in Polish, a language not her own, in a country she had helped to destroy. Her execution received almost no coverage in the Austrian press. Her death certificate was not amended to reflect her Holocaust role until 2017. The first biography of her life was not published until 2023. This is the story of how a shoemaker's daughter from a small Catholic village in Upper Austria became one of history's most prolific female killers, and how the world spent eighty years looking away.
Convicted: Irma Ilse Ida Grese
Irma Ilse Ida Grese, widely known as the 'Hyena of Auschwitz' and the 'Beast of Belsen', was a Nazi concentration camp Helferin at Ravensbrück, Auschwitz II-Birkenau, and Bergen-Belsen. Her atrocities committed in Birkenau during the Holocaust period made her one of the most notorious female Nazi war criminals. Grese was convicted for crimes against humanity at the Belsen Trial in 1945 and was sentenced to death.
